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Pasteur, Louis   :

(1822-1895) A French microbiologist and chemist who discovered the importance of microorganisms (tiny living things) in fermentation and disease. Pasteur developed a method for preventing wine from turning to vinegar and milk from going sour. He proposed that germs (bacteria) cause disease and popularized the idea that medical instruments should be sterilized before use. Pasteur also developed a form of vaccination using dead disease germs that gave future immunity against anthrax and rabies. In his study of rabies, Pasteur concluded that it was caused by a germ too small to be seen with a microscope. We now call this type of germ a virus.